Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Estrogen Impairs Adipose Tissue Expansion and Cardiometabolic Profile in Obese-Diabetic Female Rats

doi: 10.3390/ijms222413573

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ovariectomy and E2 treatment effects on oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests in female ZDF rats. ( A ) Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). ( B ) Insulin Tolerant Test (ITT). In A and B, left panels represent blood glucose curves and right panels represent AUC. Blood samples were obtained from the tail vein at indicated time points. ( C ) Ratio of pAKT/AKT and protein levels of GLUT4 in WAT. ( D ) Cd36 and Ap2 mRNA expression levels in WAT. AUC, area under the curve; AKT, protein kinase B; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GLUT4, glucose transporter type 4; Cd36 , cluster of differentiation 36; Ap2 , adaptor protein 2. In C pAKT protein bands were normalized to total AKT protein intensity, and GLUT4 protein bands were normalized to GAPDH loading control. mRNA levels were normalized to housekeeping Gapdh expression. In C and D, data are expressed in arbitrary units (au) related to LEAN group. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Differences between obese-diabetic (SHAM) and control (LEAN) animals were analyzed by Student’s t -test. Differences between obese-diabetic groups with different hormonal manipulation were analyzed by One-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD post-hoc test. Student’s t -test: a, SHAM vs. LEAN. One-way ANOVA: b, OVA or OVA + E2 vs. SHAM; c, OVA + E2 vs. OVA.

Article Snippet: Antibody for adiponectin (26 kDa, 3553) was supplied by ProSci (Poway, CA, USA); antibodies for ADIPOR1 (43 kDa, sc-99183), ADIPOR2 (50 kDa, sc-46755), GAPDH (37 kDa, sc-365062), GLUT4 (53 kDa, sc-7938) and PPARG (53 kDa, sc-7196) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA); antibodies for AKT (60 kDa, cs-2920), pAKT (60 kDa, cs-4060) and APPL1 (82 kDa, cs-3858) were supplied by Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing